Energy Digest

A grid-following inverter is a central topic in power-system modeling, control, and simulation due to its widespread deployment in modern power systems. The tutorial provides a circuit-theoretic introduction to the modeling and simulation of a grid-following inverter connected to an electrical power grid, including synchronization with the grid, power control, and current control structure. Readers will gain an introductory understanding of how to model and simulate a grid-following inverter from first principles using an electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation framework.

Distributed unknown input observers (DUIOs) are designed using a geometric approach to reconstruct the entire system state despite local access to insufficient data, leveraging conditioned invariant subspaces at each node. The method enables DUIO design in both continuous and discrete-time settings under relaxed conditions, without stringent rank conditions on input and output matrices. The approach is demonstrated through simulations, including a practical case study on a power grid system.

Electric vehicles in Vehicle-to-Grid systems may be vulnerable to a stealthy False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) that targets centralized coordination models, allowing an attacker to deceive operators about fleet flexibility without disrupting physical processes. The attack can compromise grid frequency stability even without direct access to control infrastructure. This highlights the need for enhanced detection and mitigation mechanisms tailored to aggregated V2G frameworks.